Texans’ Options with 529 Education Savings Plans
January 27, 2010 by Jean Keener, CRPC, CFDP · Leave a Comment
Many states provide an incentive for their residents to use their state’s 529 plan through use of a state income tax deduction. Because Texas doesn’t have a state income tax, your options are really completely open in terms of what state’s 529 savings plan you use. You can go shopping for the best options and lowest costs for your particular situation. You can also use any state’s plan regardless of where your child plans to attend school.
Understanding the pros and cons of 529 plans
529 plans represent a solid savings opportunity because of the opportunity for the money to grow tax-free over an extended time horizon. Funds are deposited after tax. Principal and earnings may be withdrawn for qualified educational expenses tax-free. The more time you have, the more beneficial the tax-free growth is. But even within a year or two of starting college, 529 plans can be helpful.
There are also drawbacks to 529 plans. You lose flexibility in how you use the funds — if you withdraw funds for non-qualified expenses, you will be subject to income taxes and a 10% penalty on the portion representing earnings. 529 plans also carry increased investment expenses and have fixed investment options.
Selecting the Right Plan for you
In determining which plan is right for you, there are some factors that matter to everyone and some unique to your situation. Everyone’s consideration should include review of:
- quality of investment options offered in the plan
- costs of the plan — both administrative fees and investing costs (these vary widely from state to state)
- ease of access in opening your account, recurring deposits, withdrawals, investment changes, and reviewing statements
Most states also offer a direct plan option and an advisor option. The direct option allows you to open an account directly with the state’s plan without paying any investment sales commissions. The advisor option generally results in you paying investment sales commissions up to 5.75% on all deposits into your 529 plan. These commissions can require you to save a lot more to reach your savings goals. You can still use the direct plans and receive advice from an advisor on college planning and investing even by working with a fee-only advisor.
Other factors that may be relevant to your particular situation:
- Specific plan rules around which relatives can be named as a beneficiary in the event you want to transfer your 529 account balance to a different beneficiary.
- Contribution maximums
- Time limits for using your 529 account balances
- Investment options that match your particular needs:
- for a child close to college a guaranteed principal plus interest option is a must
- for someone who doesn’t want to monitor and adjustment their investments on an ongoing basis, a target-date investment program may be attractive that gets more conservative as the child get closer to college (although you need to exercise caution in selecting these)
One of my favorite sites for comparing different option 529 savings plan options is www.savingforcollege.com. Providing recommendations on how much you need to contribute, how your contributions should be invested, and which plan offers the best balance of low fees, features, and investment options for your situation is also one of the services that Keener Financial Planning provides.
Getting the Most of Employer Matching
January 19, 2010 by Jean Keener, CRPC, CFDP · Leave a Comment
Many employers have reduced or eliminated matching in the past several years. If you’re fortunate enough to still have a match, you want to take full advantage of this potentially significant boost to your retirement plans. Every dollar your employer contributes toward your retirement is a dollar you don’t have to.
To make the most of employer matching, you need to answer two questions:
- What’s the formula?
- How does my employer handle “maxing out” — reaching the federal limits of $16,500 for 401(k) plans for those under 50, and $22,000 for those 50+ — before the end of the year?
The first part – understanding the formula — is usually the easy part. Once you know the formula, you need to contribute at least as much as they match if at all possible. A common formula is 100% up to 3% and then 50% on the next 2% — so you would need to contribute a minimum of 5% to get the full match. Other times, employers match up to 6%, 10% or more, so your contributions to make the most of the match are higher.
The next part – answering the max out question — can get more complex. Sometimes the most aggressive and well-intentioned savers actually hurt themselves by completing their full contribution before the end of the year. Companies have several choices in how they approach calculating your match, and it all really depends on your plan’s summary plan description. Here are some of the ways it’s handled:
- If you don’t make a contribution in a particular pay period, no match for that pay period. This way can result in forfeited matching contributions if you don’t spread your deferrals out over the whole year.
- The employer spreads your “earned” match out over the entire year regardless of how early in the year you max out your contributions. This way never results in forfeited matching.
- Employer stops matching when your contributions max out, but then “trues up” their match early the following year.
As you can see, front-loading your contributions doesn’t hurt you in the second and third scenarios, but can reduce your match significantly in the first scenario. To find out how your company handles it, read your plan description or make a call to your 401(k) provider or benefits departments. Then make sure you time your contributions to comply with your company’s practices on awarding the full match. It’s also a good idea to monitor your paycheck stubs and retirement plan account statements to ensure that matches are happening correctly.
With saving enough for retirement an increasingly big challenge, it’s important to take full advantage of every bit of help we can get.
January 2010 Newsletter
January 12, 2010 by Jean Keener, CRPC, CFDP · Leave a Comment
The January 2010 newsletter is now available. Beginning in 2010, it will be published the second week of each month. This month’s newsletter includes a brief 2009 market update, an update on the estate tax for 2010, how to conduct a home inventory, and more. Click here to read it.
Recovering from Unemployment
January 11, 2010 by Jean Keener, CRPC, CFDP · Leave a Comment
If you’ve been out of work for a period of time, it’s a huge relief when the paychecks start rolling in again. Depending on how long you were unemployed, what your finances were like before the job loss, and other sources of income in your household, getting back to work could be just the beginning of a long recovery process for your finances.
But here’s the good news. While you were unemployed, you and your family probably got used to spending less. Those habits can now be a huge benefit to your finances long-term, in some cases even allowing you to be stronger financially within a couple of years than you were before the lay-off.
To make this work, you need to resist the status quo expectation that your spending “should” return to former levels. This doesn’t mean you can’t celebrate the new job or enjoy a few small additional luxuries. But, if you can consciously choose to maintain a lower level of spending, you will have a powerful tool to quickly rebuild. With the cash you’re saving, here’s a 6-item priority list to tackle:
1) If your emergency fund is completely depleted, rebuild a small buffer first (start with $1,000 to one month’s expenses). See my blog post on 10 ways to rebuild an emergency fund for ideas on this.
2) If debt has been accumulated, create the typical debt “snowball” program by paying off highest interest rate debt first. See my December 2008 newsletter for details on this strategy.
3) If you borrowed from retirement plans, be mindful of the plan’s rules for repayment to avoid a taxable distribution which could trigger taxes and penalties that would hurt your recovery efforts. These rules could trump the ideal strategy of paying back the highest interest debt first.
4) If you let critical insurance lapse, get your insurance back to the needed levels. This is also a good time to re-assess your insurance needs. It’s possible to be over-insured, and there may be some policies you let lapse that you’re better off without.
5) As the worst debt is eliminated, start adding to the emergency fund to get to 3-6 months’ expenses while paying off the last of the debt.
6) Update your retirement or other goal projections to determine what your contributions need to look like to make up for the lost time.
Once you’ve accomplished these 6 priorities, you will be well on your way to creating your desired financial future. You’ll probably be used to living on less by this point. And you’ll have created the freedom to choose when you’ll indulge in a splurge that you’ll really enjoy, as opposed to feeling trapped with a high level of fixed expenses.
If you have other ideas on financially recovering from unemployment, I’d love to hear them. Please feel free to contact me directly or post them as a comment to this article.